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This is called "Orange Peel".
Description
Uneven surface formation - much like that of the skin of an
orange - which results from poor coalescence of atomized paint
droplets. Paint droplets dry out before they can flow out and
level smoothly together.
Causes / Origin
1. Improper gun adjustment and techniques. (Too little air pressure,
wide fan patterns or spraying at excessive gun distances causes
droplets to become too dry during their travel time to the work
surface and they remain as formed by gun nozzle.)
2. Extreme shop temperature. (When air temperature is too high,
droplets lose more solvent and dry out before they can flow
and level properly.)
3. Improper dry. (Gun fanning before paint droplets have a
chance to flow together will cause orange peel.)
4. Improper flash or recoat time between coats. (If first coats
of enamel are allowed to become too dry, solvent in the paint
droplets of following coats will be absorbed into the first
coat before proper flow is achieved.)
5. Wrong thinner or reducer. (Under-diluted paint or paint
thinned with fast evaporating thinners or reducers causes the
atomized droplets to become too dry before reaching the surface.)
Too high viscosity.
6. Low shop temperature.Too little thinner or reducer.
7. Materials not uniformly mixed. (Many finishes are formulated
with components that aid coalescence. If these are not properly
mixed, orange peel will result.)
Solution
Compounding may help - a mild polishing compound for
enamel, rubbing compound for lacquer. In extreme cases,
color sand or wetsand the clearcoat down to a smooth surface.

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